Aging Biology
Explore why aging changes cells, tissues, and whole organisms.
This is the publication map for biology coverage. Hallmarks are one useful framework—not the only way to understand aging—and a mechanism is not evidence that an intervention improves health.
Cell-to-tissue framework
Three scales, different questions.
The groupings make the field easier to browse while preserving uncertainty and overlap among mechanisms.
Damage, maintenance, and information
Genomic instability, telomeres, epigenetic alterations, proteostasis, and autophagy.
Evidence question: What was measured, in which model, and is the change linked to function?
Coverage not yet publishedSensing, energy, and senescence
Nutrient sensing, mitochondrial function, and cellular senescence as interacting responses.
Evidence question: Is the proposed mechanism demonstrated or only consistent with the result?
Coverage not yet publishedRegeneration, communication, and environment
Stem-cell exhaustion, altered communication, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis.
Evidence question: Does a cellular signal translate into tissue function or a meaningful outcome?
Coverage not yet publishedBeyond one framework
Browse by organ, condition, or exceptional biology.
These areas keep practical and organism-level questions visible when they do not fit neatly under one cellular hallmark.
Nervous-system aging
Future coverage will connect cellular mechanisms to cognition, function, and neurological outcomes.
Evidence question: Is the outcome a biomarker, a task, daily function, or disease progression?
Coverage not yet publishedHeart and blood vessels
Future coverage will distinguish vascular measurements, cardiac function, events, and mortality.
Evidence question: Which outcome changed, over what duration, and in what population?
Coverage not yet publishedStrength, mobility, and resilience
Future coverage will separate composition and biomarkers from strength, falls, mobility, and independence.
Evidence question: Did the study measure function that matters outside the laboratory?
Coverage not yet publishedEnergy use and regulation
Future coverage will connect metabolic markers to conditions and outcomes without treating one number as healthspan.
Evidence question: Is the measurement validated for the outcome being claimed?
Coverage not yet publishedDefense, surveillance, and inflammation
Future coverage will distinguish immune-cell measures, infection outcomes, inflammation, and clinical function.
Evidence question: Does the signal indicate capacity, activation, risk, or demonstrated benefit?
Coverage not yet publishedShared biology, different risks
Future coverage will examine overlapping mechanisms while keeping cancer outcomes and longevity claims separate.
Evidence question: What tradeoffs or safety signals are relevant to the proposed mechanism?
Coverage not yet publishedFertility and reproductive systems
Future coverage will identify the population, outcome, and life stage rather than generalizing across people.
Evidence question: Who was studied, and is the endpoint biological, functional, or clinical?
Coverage not yet publishedSensory aging
Future coverage will connect biological measurements to sight, hearing, function, and quality of life.
Evidence question: Was meaningful sensory function measured directly?
Coverage not yet publishedPeople who live unusually long lives
Future coverage will separate association, inheritance, environment, and causal evidence.
Evidence question: Does the design support a cause or only describe a difference?
Coverage not yet publishedLong-lived species and models
Future coverage will use other species to discover biology without assuming it transfers to humans.
Evidence question: Which mechanism is conserved, and what translation gap remains?
Coverage not yet publishedContinue exploring