Falls and independence · claim–evidence map

Falls and independence claim–evidence map

Trace 12 governed claims from STRIDE, LiFE, and Tai Ji Quan trials without turning fall outcomes into longevity promises.

What this is: a traceable projection of already published, source-reviewed claims. It does not score studies, rank interventions, or recommend care.

Browse all governed claims →

Overview

Evidence at a glance

Counts describe this governed map, not evidence strength.

Analyses: 3
Claims: 12
Source records: 6
Correction flags: 3

How relationships are labeled

Direct supportContradictionIndirect contextInsufficient evidence

These labels describe a claim–source relationship. They are not grades or rankings.

Connected analysis

stride serious fall injury outcomes

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The nurse-led multifactorial strategy did not significantly reduce first adjudicated serious fall injury versus enhanced usual care.

Indirect contextF71-STRIDE-01

5,451 higher-risk primary-care patients; nurse-led multifactorial strategy versus enhanced usual care

Evidence role: Population/strategy
Population or model: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: 5,451 higher-risk primary-care patients; nurse-led multifactorial strategy versus enhanced usual care
Boundary: Every multifactorial service
Limitations: Cluster pragmatic delivery
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3986972239869722 · primary-final-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02475850NCT02475850 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Insufficient evidenceF71-STRIDE-02

4.9 versus 5.3 serious injuries per 100 person-years; HR 0.92, P=.25

Evidence role: Governing randomized null
Population or model: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: 4.9 versus 5.3 serious injuries per 100 person-years; HR 0.92, P=.25
Boundary: Significant primary reduction or equivalence
Limitations: Confidence interval includes benefit and no difference
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3986972239869722 · primary-final-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02475850NCT02475850 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Indirect contextF71-STRIDE-03

First self-reported injury HR 0.90

Evidence role: Secondary outcome
Population or model: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: First self-reported injury HR 0.90
Boundary: Replacement of the primary adjudicated result
Limitations: Secondary and self-reported
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3986972239869722 · primary-final-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02475850NCT02475850 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Indirect contextF71-STRIDE-04

Hospitalizations and deaths were similar; representativeness and fidelity limits remain

Evidence role: Safety/limits
Population or model: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: STRIDE selected primary-care population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: Hospitalizations and deaths were similar; representativeness and fidelity limits remain
Boundary: Independence or lifespan benefit
Limitations: Incomplete process measures
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3986972239869722 · primary-final-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02475850NCT02475850 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-results-posted-2021-03-03

Indirect contextF71-LIFE-01

317 selected ambulatory home-living adults; three home-based groups

Evidence role: Population/strategy
Population or model: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: 317 selected ambulatory home-living adults; three home-based groups
Boundary: Institutionalized or general population
Limitations: Small selected sample
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-2287269522872695 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:actrn-12606000025538ACTRN12606000025538 · trial-registryCorrection state: identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Direct supportF71-LIFE-02

Fall rate 1.66 versus 2.28; IRR 0.69

Evidence role: Governing randomized result
Population or model: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: Fall rate 1.66 versus 2.28; IRR 0.69
Boundary: Fracture, disability, healthspan or lifespan
Limitations: Self-reported falls
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-2287269522872695 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:actrn-12606000025538ACTRN12606000025538 · trial-registryCorrection state: identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Insufficient evidenceF71-LIFE-03

Structured exercise versus control IRR 0.81 was not significant

Evidence role: Comparator context
Population or model: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: Structured exercise versus control IRR 0.81 was not significant
Boundary: Cross-program ranking
Limitations: Limited power
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-2287269522872695 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:actrn-12606000025538ACTRN12606000025538 · trial-registryCorrection state: identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Indirect contextF71-LIFE-04

Balance and function secondary measures differed

Evidence role: Secondary/limits
Population or model: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: LiFE selected high-risk home-living population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: Balance and function secondary measures differed
Boundary: Unsupervised instruction or injury guarantee
Limitations: Multiple outcomes and self-report
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-2287269522872695 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:actrn-12606000025538ACTRN12606000025538 · trial-registryCorrection state: identity-reverified-2026-08-26

Indirect contextF71-TJQ-01

670 selected adults; tailored TJQMBB versus multimodal versus stretching

Evidence role: Population/strategy
Population or model: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: 670 selected adults; tailored TJQMBB versus multimodal versus stretching
Boundary: Generic tai chi or other settings
Limitations: 24 weeks and active comparators
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-last-verified-2021-06

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3020839630208396 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02287740NCT02287740 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-last-verified-2021-06

Direct supportF71-TJQ-02

152 versus 363 falls; IRR 0.42 versus stretching

Evidence role: Governing randomized result
Population or model: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: 152 versus 363 falls; IRR 0.42 versus stretching
Boundary: Lifespan or guaranteed injury prevention
Limitations: Falls during intervention
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-last-verified-2021-06

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3020839630208396 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02287740NCT02287740 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-last-verified-2021-06

Direct supportF71-TJQ-03

IRR 0.69 versus multimodal exercise

Evidence role: Active comparison
Population or model: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: IRR 0.69 versus multimodal exercise
Boundary: Universal superiority
Limitations: Selected sample and delivery
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-last-verified-2021-06

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3020839630208396 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02287740NCT02287740 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-last-verified-2021-06

Indirect contextF71-TJQ-04

Injurious-fall paper is separate follow-up

Evidence role: Follow-up/limits
Population or model: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Comparator: See connected article and primary records
Outcome: TJQMBB selected community population and measured fall outcomes
Design and maturity: Large pragmatic cluster-randomized trial with a nonsignificant primary serious-injury result
Result: Injurious-fall paper is separate follow-up
Boundary: Individual recommendation
Limitations: Later analysis and representativeness
Funding and conflicts: No additional funding or conflict claim is introduced by this projection; see the connected article and primary disclosures.
Correction state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26; completed-last-verified-2021-06

Exact source identities and links

source:pmid-3020839630208396 · primary-randomized-reportCorrection state: none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
source:nct-02287740NCT02287740 · trial-registryCorrection state: completed-last-verified-2021-06

Connected analysis

life daily routines fall rate

Read the analysis →

The LiFE program reduced the self-reported fall rate versus sham gentle exercise in this selected sample.

Connected analysis

tai ji quan fall outcomes

Read the analysis →

The tailored TJQMBB program reduced falls versus stretching and multimodal exercise during 24 weeks in this selected sample.

Sources

Exact records used on this page

Stable ID	Identifier	Record type	Link	Correction state
`source:pmid-39869722`	39869722	primary-final-report	Open record	none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
`source:nct-02475850`	NCT02475850	trial-registry	Open record	completed-results-posted-2021-03-03
`source:pmid-22872695`	22872695	primary-randomized-report	Open record	none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
`source:actrn-12606000025538`	ACTRN12606000025538	trial-registry	Open record	identity-reverified-2026-08-26
`source:pmid-30208396`	30208396	primary-randomized-report	Open record	none-linked-as-of-2026-08-26
`source:nct-02287740`	NCT02287740	trial-registry	Open record	completed-last-verified-2021-06

Limitations

What this map does not do

It does not combine unlike outcomes into one score.
It does not generalize beyond each stated population, comparator, and follow-up.
It does not turn a trial result into personal medical advice.
It does not replace the connected analysis or primary record.

Review history

Separate evidence and prose checks

2026-08-26
Governed evidence review
Primary reports, registries, limitations, funding/conflicts, and correction state were locked in the source claim map before publication.
2026-09-30
Identifier and correction carry-forward
Every rendered source ID was rejoined to one exact governed URL; duplicate IDs, missing records, and lost correction states fail validation.
2026-09-30
Orientation-prose review
Headings, labels, and summaries were reviewed separately for neutral language, no treatment ranking, and no personal recommendation.

Generated from data/knowledge-system/eighteenth-coverage-claim-map.json. Source-review date: 2026-08-26.